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Latial culture
The Latial culture ranged approximately over ancient Old Latium. The Iron Age Latial culture coincides with the arrival in the region of a people who spoke an Indo-European language, the Old Latin. The culture is likely therefore to identify a phase of the socio-political self-consciousness of the Latin people, during the period of the Latin kings of Alba Longa and the foundation of the Roman kingdom.
The Latial is diagnosed by the hut-urn. Where Villanovan cremation urns are plain, biconical and were buried in a deep shaft, the hut-urn is a round or square model of a hut with a peaked roof and a door leading to the interior of one side. Cremation was not an exclusive rite; it shared the funerary conventions with inhumation, with decreasing frequency as the period progressed; however, the artifact assemblage with which it is associated is distinctive. The hut-urns correspond to the huts in which the population for the most part lived, although during the period they developed the use of stone for temples and other public buildings.〔Cornell (1995), pp 48-51.〕〔Gordon (2007), p. 46.〕
The Apennine culture of Latium transitioned smoothly into the Latial with no evidence of an intrusive population movement. The population generally abandoned sites of purely economic advantage in favor of defensible sites, the locations of future cities, about which they clustered; hence the term pre-urban. This population movement may indicate an increase in marauding.〔Smith (1996), p. 34.〕
==Periodization==
The periodization is standard and varies little; however, a tolerance of ±25 years is implied:〔〔Smith (1996), p. xii.〕〔Cornell (1995), p. 50.〕
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